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In classical mechanics, where antigravity, negative mass, or negative apparent mass are not explicitly considered, the effective mass (mᵉᶠᶠ) is always positive but less than the original inertial mass (m) when a system is in motion or subjected to a gravitational potential difference. This reduction in mᵉᶠᶠ results from energy redistribution due to the force involved in motion, altering the inertial response of the system. However, classical mechanics does not recognize an invisible energetic counterpart that counteracts this apparent reduction in mass.
Unlike ECM, which incorporates matter mass (Mᴍ) as a combination of ordinary matter (Mᴏʀᴅ) and dark matter mass (Mᴅᴍ), along with negative apparent mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ), classical mechanics attributes the decrease in effective mass solely to energy partitioning, without interpreting it as a fundamental negative mass effect.
The reason mᵉᶠᶠ remains strictly positive in classical mechanics is that mass is only considered to diminish in response to dynamics but never becomes negative or assumes an imperceptible energetic form as in ECM. Instead, classical mechanics treats mᵉᶠᶠ as a dynamically altered but always positive quantity, reflecting only the redistribution of the system’s energy.
This distinction is crucial for ensuring that classical mechanics remains consistent with Newtonian principles, while ECM extends beyond these boundaries to incorporate mass-energy interactions at deeper levels.